What can a urine test detect?
In recent years, with the improvement of health awareness, urine testing as a simple and non-invasive examination method has attracted more and more people's attention. Urine can not only reflect the health of the urinary system, but also reveal disease signals in multiple systems throughout the body. This article will combine the hot topics and hot content in the past 10 days to provide you with a detailed analysis of the mysteries of urine testing.
1. Basic items of urine testing
Routine urine examination is the most basic test item and usually includes the following:
| Test items | normal range | abnormal meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Urine specific gravity | 1.015-1.025 | Too high may indicate dehydration, and too low may indicate abnormal kidney function. |
| urine pH | 4.6-8.0 | Abnormalities may indicate metabolic disease or urinary tract infection |
| Urinary protein | negative | Positive may indicate kidney disease |
| urine sugar | negative | Positive may indicate diabetes |
| Urinary ketone bodies | negative | Positive may indicate diabetic ketoacidosis or starvation state |
| Occult blood in urine | negative | A positive test may indicate bleeding in the urinary system |
2. Diseases that can be discovered by urine testing
1.urinary tract disease: Urinary tract infection, nephritis, kidney stones, etc.
2.metabolic diseases: Diabetes, gout, etc.
3.Liver disease: Bilirubinuria may indicate liver disease
4.Pregnancy related:Urine hCG test is the earliest pregnancy detection method
5.substance abuse:Urine drug testing is a common screening method
3. New developments in urine testing
Hot topics in the past 10 days show that urine testing technology has made new breakthroughs:
| new technology | Application areas | Research progress |
|---|---|---|
| Urine exosome detection | early cancer screening | Can detect prostate cancer, bladder cancer, etc. |
| Urine metabolomics | disease diagnosis | Can identify metabolic signatures of multiple diseases |
| smart toilet | health monitoring | Can automatically analyze urine indicators |
4. How to correctly collect urine samples
1.clean:Clean the vulva before sampling
2.time: It is best to use morning urine
3.method: Take mid-section urine
4.save:Send for inspection as soon as possible, no more than 2 hours
5. Precautions for urine testing
1. Avoid strenuous exercise before testing
2. Women avoid menstrual periods
3. Certain drugs may affect test results
4. Drinking a lot of water may dilute urine
Conclusion
A urine test is a simple yet informative test. As technology advances, the range of applications for urine testing is expanding. Regular urine tests can help detect health problems early and enable early diagnosis and treatment. It is recommended that healthy people have a routine urine test once a year, and people with chronic diseases or high-risk factors should increase the frequency of tests according to doctor's recommendations.
This article is compiled based on recent hot medical topics, hoping to help you better understand the importance and application value of urine testing.
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